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Strategic Assessment Paper Counting the May 2025 Conflict
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Military & Security

What May 2025 Actually Cost

India absorbed between $2.3bn and $5.3bn in realised costs. Pakistan between $160m and $420m. When forward procurement is added, India's twelve-month bill rises to $42–50 billion. The numbers, sourced and counted.

Latest Analysis

Strategic Assessment Paper

Counting the May 2025 Conflict

A source-based financial and strategic accounting of the May 2025 conflict — Operation Sindoor and Marka-e-Haq. Forty pages, seventy-five cited sources, and four tiers of evidence, sequenced so the reader starts inside India’s own admissions before a single Pakistani source is introduced. It documents the aircraft losses, the cost asymmetry, and the strategic balance that emerged.

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